Behind these Layer 3 Switches is our Access Layer Switch, where our end-user connects to. In our example above, we have two Layer 3 Cisco Switches in our Distribution Layer, MLS1 and MLS2. It’s important, especially for critical operations like healthcare, emergency, government, and banking services. One major factor that network architects or engineers consider when designing a network is high availability (HA) and avoiding a single point of failure (SPOF). It operates with an Active-Standby Model where only one device is supporting end-user traffic at any time, and the other device is on standby waiting to take over should the active device fails. HSRP is a Cisco proprietary redundancy protocol that allows failover of the next-hop IP device. We also have Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) and Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP). HSRP, or Hot Standby Router Protocol, is one of the commonly used First Hop Redundancy Protocols (FHRP).
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